A swelling near the cheek, below the ear or underneath the jaw may sometimes indicate a problem involving the salivary glands. While many salivary gland swellings are caused by infections, blocked ducts or non-cancerous conditions, some may develop because of a tumour. Understanding the nature of these growths is important because their treatment depends on the gland involved, tumour type and whether the growth is benign or malignant.
Salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon compared with several other head and neck conditions. However, they require careful evaluation because the glands are located close to important nerves and anatomical structures. A correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical planning can help manage the tumour while considering facial movement, swallowing and other essential functions.
Patients searching for a Head & Neck Cancer Specialist in Delhi or a surgeon experienced in managing head and neck tumours should understand the symptoms, diagnostic procedures and available treatment options.
Dr. Shilpi Sharma (MBBS, MS, DNB, Fellowship in Head & Neck Oncology, MCh Head & Neck Oncosurgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai) has specialised training in head and neck oncology and surgical management of malignancies affecting this region.
This article discusses different types of salivary gland tumours, their warning signs, diagnostic investigations, treatment approaches and the importance of specialist evaluation.
What Are Salivary Glands and Why Are They Important?
Salivary glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps keep the mouth moist and supports chewing, swallowing and the initial stages of digestion.
There are three major pairs of salivary glands:
1. Parotid glands
The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands. They are located on either side of the face, just in front of and below the ears. Tumours in this region commonly present as a swelling near the cheek or jaw.
2. Submandibular glands
These glands are located beneath the lower jaw. A swelling under the chin or along the lower jaw may sometimes be related to a submandibular gland condition.
3. Sublingual glands
These smaller glands are situated beneath the tongue. Tumours in this region are less common but may affect the floor of the mouth.
In addition to these major glands, numerous minor salivary glands are distributed throughout the lining of the mouth and throat.
A growth can develop in any of these glands, and its behaviour varies according to the tumour type.
What Are Salivary Gland Tumours?
Salivary gland tumours are abnormal growths that develop in the tissues of the salivary glands. They can be classified as benign or malignant.
Benign tumours are non-cancerous and generally do not spread to distant organs. However, some may increase in size, affect surrounding structures or require surgical removal.
Malignant tumours are cancerous and may invade nearby tissues or spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body.
The most appropriate treatment depends on the exact diagnosis rather than the size of the swelling alone.
Common Types of Benign Salivary Gland Tumours
Pleomorphic adenoma: This is one of the most common benign salivary gland tumours. It frequently develops in the parotid gland and may present as a slowly growing, painless lump.
Warthin tumour: This benign tumour most commonly affects the parotid gland. It is associated with tobacco smoking and is more frequently diagnosed in older adults.
Other benign tumours: Certain less common growths can also arise from salivary gland tissue and may require further investigation.
Common Types of Malignant Salivary Gland Tumours
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: This is a common type of malignant salivary gland tumour. It can occur in major or minor salivary glands.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma: This cancer can develop in different salivary glands and may show a tendency to involve nerves and surrounding tissues.
Acinic cell carcinoma: This is a malignant tumour that frequently arises in the parotid gland.
Salivary duct carcinoma: This is an uncommon but potentially aggressive type of salivary gland cancer.
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: This tumour develops when a previously existing pleomorphic adenoma undergoes malignant transformation.
Accurate pathological diagnosis is essential because different tumour types can behave differently and require different treatment strategies.
Seven Symptoms of Salivary Gland Tumours You Should Not Ignore
Salivary gland tumours may develop gradually. Some patients notice a small swelling without pain, while others experience symptoms caused by the tumour's location or involvement of nearby structures.
Important symptoms include:
1. Swelling near the ear or cheek
A lump in front of or below the ear may indicate a parotid gland abnormality. Persistent swelling should be examined by a qualified doctor.
2. Lump beneath the jaw
A swelling below the lower jaw may be associated with a submandibular gland condition.
3. Increasing size of a facial lump
A swelling that gradually increases in size needs medical evaluation, even when it does not cause discomfort.
4. Facial weakness
The facial nerve passes through the parotid gland and controls facial movements. Weakness, asymmetry or difficulty closing one eye in association with a parotid lump is a concerning finding requiring prompt specialist assessment.
5. Persistent pain
Pain around the cheek, jaw or salivary gland region may occur in certain salivary gland conditions, including some malignancies.
6. Difficulty opening the mouth
A large or invasive tumour may affect surrounding tissues and cause difficulty opening the mouth.
7. Difficulty swallowing or speaking
Tumours involving minor salivary glands or deeper structures may sometimes interfere with normal swallowing and speech.
These symptoms do not automatically indicate cancer. However, persistent or unexplained symptoms should be investigated rather than treated through self-medication.
Why Do Salivary Gland Tumours Develop?
The exact cause of many salivary gland tumours is not fully understood. Abnormal changes in the cells of glandular tissue can lead to uncontrolled growth.
Some factors have been associated with particular salivary gland tumour types.
Increasing age is associated with a higher occurrence of several salivary gland tumours.
Tobacco smoking is associated with Warthin tumours.
Previous radiation exposure to the head and neck may increase the risk of certain salivary gland cancers.
Some occupational and environmental exposures have been investigated as potential risk factors.
However, many patients diagnosed with salivary gland tumours have no clearly identifiable risk factor.
A person should not assume that a salivary gland swelling is cancerous simply because it is painless or has been present for a long time.
How Are Salivary Gland Tumours Diagnosed?
Diagnosis requires identifying the gland from which the swelling originates and determining the nature of the growth.
A Head & Neck Cancer Doctor in Delhi may recommend several investigations depending on the examination findings.
Clinical examination
The doctor examines the swelling, checks its location and assesses whether it is related to the parotid, submandibular or another gland.
Facial nerve function may also be assessed, particularly when a parotid tumour is suspected.
Ultrasound examination
Ultrasound is frequently used to assess superficial salivary gland swellings. It helps identify the size, location and characteristics of a lesion.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)
FNAC involves collecting cells from a suspicious growth using a thin needle. The collected material is examined under a microscope.
This investigation can provide useful information about whether a lesion is likely to be benign, malignant or indeterminate.
MRI and CT scans
MRI can help assess soft tissue involvement, deep-lobe parotid tumours and possible involvement of nearby structures.
CT scanning may be useful in evaluating certain tumours and surrounding anatomical structures.
Biopsy and histopathology
The final diagnosis may require examination of surgically removed tissue or an appropriately selected biopsy specimen.
The diagnostic approach is individualised. Not every patient requires every available test.
Parotid Tumour Surgery: Why Specialist Expertise Is Important
Parotid gland surgery is a specialised procedure because the facial nerve passes through the gland. This nerve controls important facial movements, including smiling, closing the eyes and moving the lips.
Surgical planning must therefore consider both tumour removal and the preservation of normal facial nerve function whenever oncologically appropriate.
Types of Parotid Surgery
Superficial parotidectomy: This procedure involves removing the superficial portion of the parotid gland containing the tumour while identifying and preserving the facial nerve when possible.
Total conservative parotidectomy: This may involve removing more of the gland while preserving the facial nerve when the tumour does not require nerve sacrifice.
Radical parotidectomy: In selected advanced malignancies involving the facial nerve, removal of the involved nerve segment may be necessary to achieve appropriate cancer clearance.
The choice of surgery depends on tumour location, pathology, size and involvement of surrounding tissues.
Patients looking for a Head & Neck Tumor Surgeon in Delhi should understand that the surgical approach is determined by the individual tumour rather than a standard procedure for every patient.
Treatment of Submandibular Gland Tumours
Submandibular gland tumours develop in the salivary gland located beneath the lower jaw.
Treatment generally depends on whether the growth is benign or malignant.
For selected tumours, removal of the affected submandibular gland may be recommended. If cancer is confirmed, the surgeon may also evaluate the need for additional treatment or surgery involving regional lymph nodes.
The nearby structures, including nerves responsible for tongue movement and sensation, must be considered during surgical planning.
In malignant cases, further treatment may include radiotherapy or other oncology treatments depending on the pathology report and disease stage.
Can Salivary Gland Cancer Spread?
Yes. Some malignant salivary gland tumours can invade surrounding tissues or spread to regional lymph nodes and distant organs.
The likelihood of spread depends on the tumour type, grade, size and stage.
Certain aggressive tumours require more extensive evaluation and treatment than slower-growing malignancies.
After diagnosis, doctors assess:
The exact tumour type.
Tumour grade and pathological features.
Whether nearby tissues are involved.
Whether cervical lymph nodes contain cancer.
Whether there is evidence of distant spread.
Whether additional treatment is required after surgery.
This information helps the medical team prepare an appropriate management plan.
What Is Recovery Like After Salivary Gland Surgery?
Recovery varies depending on the gland involved, the extent of surgery and the patient's general health.
After parotid surgery, patients may experience temporary swelling, discomfort or altered sensation around the ear and surgical area.
Some patients may experience temporary facial weakness. The possibility and extent of nerve-related complications depend on the tumour and surgical procedure.
Potential complications discussed before surgery may include:
Bleeding or infection.
Facial nerve weakness or injury.
Numbness around the ear.
Salivary leakage.
Frey syndrome, which can cause sweating or flushing near the surgical area while eating.
Scar-related or cosmetic concerns.
Follow-up appointments help monitor healing and identify complications.
Patients should follow their surgeon's instructions regarding wound care, activity, medication and further treatment.
Why Choose a Head & Neck Oncosurgeon for Salivary Gland Cancer?
Salivary gland surgery requires a detailed understanding of the anatomy of the face and neck. This is particularly important for parotid tumours because of their close relationship with the facial nerve.
A specialised head and neck oncosurgeon evaluates the tumour's characteristics and plans treatment according to the pathological diagnosis and surgical requirements.
When choosing a Best Head & Neck Cancer Surgeon in Delhi, patients should consider:
Dedicated training in head and neck oncology.
Experience relevant to salivary gland surgery.
Understanding of facial nerve anatomy.
Access to appropriate imaging and pathology.
Ability to discuss reconstructive options when necessary.
Coordination with radiation and medical oncology specialists.
Appropriate postoperative monitoring.
The objective is to manage the tumour effectively while considering facial function, appearance and overall recovery.
Meet Dr. Shilpi Sharma – Head & Neck Cancer Surgeon in Delhi
Dr. Shilpi Sharma is a trained head and neck oncosurgeon with specialised qualifications in head and neck oncology.
Her qualifications include:
MBBS
MS
DNB
Fellowship in Head & Neck Oncology
MCh in Head & Neck Oncosurgery from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
Her areas of clinical interest include oral cancer, thyroid cancer, head and neck tumours and other malignancies involving the head and neck region.
Her specialised oncology training is relevant to the evaluation and surgical management of complex head and neck conditions.
Patients searching for a Head & Neck Cancer Specialist in Delhi NCR, Head & Neck Oncology Specialist in Delhi or Head & Neck Oncosurgeon in Delhi can explore her professional qualifications and consultation information through her official website.
Website: https://headneckcancersurgeondelhigurgaon.com/
When Should You Consult a Specialist for a Salivary Gland Swelling?
A swelling near the ear, cheek or lower jaw should be evaluated if it persists, increases in size or is associated with other symptoms.
Seek prompt specialist assessment if you notice:
A growing lump near the ear.
Persistent swelling below the jaw.
Facial weakness or asymmetry.
Unexplained pain around a salivary gland.
Difficulty swallowing.
A recurring swelling in the same location.
A lump accompanied by enlarged neck lymph nodes.
Do not wait for a swelling to become painful before seeking medical advice.
A timely clinical examination can help determine whether the problem is related to an infection, a benign tumour or a potentially malignant condition.
Frequently Asked Questions About Salivary Gland Tumours
1. Are all salivary gland tumours cancerous?
No. Many salivary gland tumours are benign. However, some are malignant and require specialised cancer treatment. Diagnosis is necessary to distinguish between them.
2. What is the most common salivary gland tumour?
Pleomorphic adenoma is one of the most common benign salivary gland tumours. It frequently develops in the parotid gland.
3. Can a parotid tumour affect facial movement?
Yes. The facial nerve passes through the parotid gland. Certain tumours can affect this nerve, causing facial weakness or asymmetry.
4. Is surgery necessary for every salivary gland tumour?
Treatment depends on the type, location and characteristics of the growth. Surgery is commonly recommended for many salivary gland tumours, but management should be individualised.
5. Can salivary gland cancer spread to lymph nodes?
Yes. Some malignant salivary gland tumours can spread to lymph nodes in the neck. The risk depends on the tumour type and stage.
6. What tests are used to diagnose a parotid tumour?
Evaluation may include clinical examination, ultrasound, FNAC, MRI or CT scanning. The final diagnosis may require histopathological examination.
7. How long does recovery take after parotid surgery?
Recovery varies according to the extent of surgery and individual healing. The treating surgeon provides personalised instructions and follow-up recommendations.
8. Which specialist treats salivary gland cancer in Delhi?
A trained head and neck oncosurgeon or an appropriately qualified specialist in head and neck oncology can evaluate salivary gland tumours and discuss suitable treatment options.
9. Can a painless lump near the ear be a tumour?
Yes. Some benign and malignant parotid tumours present as painless swellings. Any persistent or growing lump should be evaluated.
10. Where can I find consultation information for Dr. Shilpi Sharma?
Patients can visit her official website to explore her qualifications, areas of specialisation and consultation information.
https://headneckcancersurgeondelhigurgaon.com/
Conclusion: Early Evaluation Helps Identify Salivary Gland Conditions
A lump near the ear, cheek or jaw should not automatically be considered harmless or cancerous. Salivary gland swellings can develop for several reasons, and an accurate diagnosis is essential for selecting the right treatment.
Understanding the type of tumour, its location and its relationship with nearby nerves helps specialists plan appropriate management.
If you notice persistent salivary gland swelling, increasing facial lumps or unexplained changes in facial movement, consider consulting a qualified specialist.
Know the Signs. Get an Accurate Diagnosis. Explore Appropriate Treatment Options.
For information about Dr. Shilpi Sharma and specialised head and neck cancer care in Delhi NCR, visit:
https://headneckcancersurgeondelhigurgaon.com/
